Chapter 522 Compulsory Education

【It should also be noted that with the gradual popularization of schools in the Song Dynasty, the development of the south has also been increasingly improved.

Regarding this point, the history textbooks today have a clear summary. The ancient economic center has begun to move south since the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Many people know the allusion of the migration of the clothing and hats to the south. This is also the first large-scale population migration to the south in the feudal dynasty.

More than 400 years later, the Anshi Rebellion broke out. In order to avoid the war, the scholars and common people in the Central Plains chose to migrate south to avoid the chaos, which was the second population migration to the south.

If the first two large-scale population migrations to the south only made the development of the south more and more perfect, then after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty and Wanyan Gou's migration to Hangzhou, the power balance between the north and the south has been completely reversed.

Here, taking data as an example, according to the records of the Song Dynasty, during the reign of Song Shenzong, the two roads of Jingdong and Jingxi reclaimed about 45 million mu of land, that is, today's Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong and other places, which is also the conventional sense of the North in the Northern Song Dynasty.

And what about the south? At the same time, the Liangzhe Road reclaimed 36 million mu of land, the Jiangdong East Road and Jiangdong West Road reclaimed 87 million mu of land, and the Fujian Road reclaimed more than 11 million mu of land.

45 million vs. 134 million, the comparison is very intuitive.

In addition, in terms of population comparison, in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, the population of Jingdong Jingxi Road in the Northern Song Dynasty was only 3% of that during the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty.

During the same period, the population in the South basically increased, such as the population of Liangzhe Road increased by 7%, the population of Jiangnan Road increased by 47%, and the population of Fujian Road increased by 58%.

Under the double debuff of population decline and economic collapse, education in the North suffered a devastating blow as expected.

For example, Henan Road was trapped by financial official schools in the Northern Song Dynasty, with only 15 schools, and only about 10 schools in the Southern Song Dynasty, and all of them were run by the Jin people, and the level was not satisfactory.

In comparison, the teaching quality in the South has steadily improved. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there were 48 official schools in Liangzhe and 47 in Jiangdong Road. In the Southern Song Dynasty, they increased to 74 and 76 respectively.

And these are just official schools. In the Southern Song Dynasty, private schools became popular, and the colleges run by respected scholars were even more famous than official schools.

For example, we all know the story of "Standing in the Snow at Cheng Men's Door", in which Yang Shi, who was studying, later became a leader of the Luo School of Cheng Yi and Cheng Yi.

During the period of Gao Taotao's regency, the old party gained power, but soon there was a gap within the party.

The Shu School, led by Su Shi and Su Zhe, advocated the theory of the unity of nature and emotion; the Luo School, led by Cheng Yi and Cheng Yi, advocated the theory of nature being good and emotion being evil.

In the end, the two sides competed for the prominent school, and the "Luo Shu dispute" broke out. In the end, the Luo School lost power and Cheng Yi was demoted.

During the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, Cheng Yi publicly criticized Cai Jing, which made Emperor Huizong dislike him, and the Luo School almost declined at that time.

After learning something, Yang Shi, the protagonist of "Standing in the Snow at Cheng Men's Door", was determined to maintain and revitalize the Luo School, but because Cai Jing suppressed the Luo School, Yang Shi had to go to the south.

Finally, during the Zhenghe period of Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, Yang Shi founded the Donglin Academy in the prosperous Liangzhe Road, which was one of the famous private schools near Jiangsu and Zhejiang at that time.

About five hundred years later, several scholars of the Ming Dynasty chose to return home to engage in education after being dismissed for their words. This group of scholars from Jiangsu and Zhejiang finally chose to restore the academy on the site of the old Donglin Academy as a place for lectures.

Several scholars jointly initiated the Donglin Conference in the academy and formulated the "Donglin Conference Agreement". People at the time called them the Eight Gentlemen of Donglin, which was the predecessor of the "Donglin Party" in the late Ming Dynasty.

Well, this is far-fetched.

In short, the late Northern Song Dynasty was a critical period for the exchange of power between the north and the south, and the knowledgeable people in the early stage of the reform may have vaguely realized this.

For example, in order to support official schools during the reign of Emperor Yingzong of Song, 63 professors were sent out, of which 39 were from the north and 24 were from the south.

But later, the struggle between the old and new parties became more and more fierce, and those who really did things had no place to stand. During the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, there was basically a laissez-faire attitude, and all political affairs died with the demise of the Song Dynasty.

In October of the seventh year of Xuanhe, the Jin army launched an attack on the Song Dynasty.

In the first month of the first year of the Jingkang reign, the Jin army surrounded Bianliang. In the second month of the second year of the Jingkang reign, Bianliang was broken, Huizong and Qinzong were captured, and Zhao Gou fled south.

In a sense, when Wanyan Gou decided to flee south, the Ming Dynasty's North-South list case was doomed. 】

〖Pang Tong: In October, Liaodong started an army and it took only three months to attack Bianliang. I have never heard of such an easy capital.

Li Shimin: What a good one who is more virtuous than dangerous.

Zhang Fei: This tyrant has backbone. He didn't learn from the Tang emperor to flee first.

Zhang Fei: Your Majesty, I don't mean to criticize you.

Li Shimin: ... I know that General Yide has a pure heart. 〗

Zhao Kuangyin felt that he had gradually figured out the bad taste of the younger generation, just like this time.

The numbers in front of him were quite difficult for him to read, and he was even a little happy looking at the hundreds of millions of acres of farmland.

After all, judging from this alone, compared with the number of acres of land in the Tang Dynasty in memory, although it has not recovered Yanyun, it is not inferior to the Tang Dynasty.

And from this point of view, it may be the credit of the reform and new policies, which makes Zhao Kuangyin feel a little itchy, and he wishes he could discuss with Zhao Pu how to promote education now.

Zhao Kuangyin didn't understand what Chengmen Lixue meant, but seeing that the old party could still fight internally, he felt less and less hopeful about the court a hundred years later.

There were more things he didn't understand about the Ming Dynasty, but before Zhao Kuangyin figured it out, a few short sentences clearly presented the state of the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.

The military advisor under Emperor Zhaolie summarized it very clearly, besieging the capital in three months and destroying the country in one year.

More than 160 years of advocating culture and governing, the final destruction can be called hasty.

Liaodong is more than two thousand miles away, and it will arrive in March. After a hundred years of raising soldiers, there are no soldiers who can fight to the death?

Zhao Kuangyin almost wanted to vomit blood.

Over there, Zhao Guangyi had already seen that the situation was not going well and shrank his head, fearing that his brother would argue with him about the old issue of "morality but not danger".

It was already very difficult to endure the pain in his legs, and what he just said made his brother unhappy for some reason. Zhao Kuangyi simply shut up and shrank his head without saying a word, trying to show a submissive appearance.

"Official..."

Zhao Pu wanted to say a few words of comfort, but what he got was Zhao Kuangyin shaking his head and saying:

"It's okay."

Perhaps it was because he had known about Jingkang's humiliation earlier, or perhaps because he had been in the army in his early years and learned to be calm. But in short, Zhao Kuangyin recovered in a very short time and even started to discuss with Zhao Pu:

"It seems that if you want to extend the Song Dynasty, you should protect the imperial territory of the capital to recruit talented people for the Northern Expedition."

Zhao Pu nodded. Similar analysis had already been made ten years ago when Xue Ye Zhitu Tianxia, ​​so there is no need to repeat it at this time.

There are many examples of the difference between north and south in history, ranging from Jiangdong's partial peace in the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty to the various objections of wealthy households in Jiangsu and Zhejiang to raising northwest sergeants at the end of the Tang Dynasty. There is no need to explain in detail at all.

After thinking about it, Zhao Kuangyin knelt down and patted his younger brother's thigh with serious words:

"If you hadn't been disadvantaged in both battles, then if the reform dynasty had only one or two strong armies, how could it be..."

Zhao Guangyi grimaced in pain, but did not dare to say a word.

…

Zhang Fei hurriedly tore off another note, dipped his pen in ink and turned to ask Kong Ming:

"Military advisor, this Emperor of the Tang Dynasty praises my innocent heart."

"Is it appropriate for me to reply, 'Your Majesty the Second Phoenix will also be able to achieve more than the First Emperor'?"

Kong Ming shook his head in disapproval and said with a smile:

"Let's stop here, don't say any more."

However, Kong Ming was very suspicious. It seemed like Erfeng was scolding Yide when he said that Yide had an innocent heart.

But looking back, I can see that the two sentences that Yide said exposed scars and also had the meaning of Pi Li Yang Qiu.

Seeing Zhang Fei smashing the ball of paper in his hand with great reluctance, Kong Ming also breathed a sigh of relief.

They were originally Han ministers. If it was somewhat inappropriate to compare Emperor Xiaowu to these two phoenixes, it might be because of this that Yide would mention the achievements of the First Emperor.

But I'm afraid the first thing that caught Erfeng's eyes was the murder of his brother by Hu Hai, the son of the First Emperor.

Kong Ming couldn't help but not think too much, after all, later generations said that these two Phoenixes were petty...

Zhang Fei didn't know how many thoughts were running through the military advisor's mind in a short period of time. After crumbling the note, he quickly put the matter down and discussed the next thing with great interest:

"If there is such a difference between north and south in future generations, then wouldn't there be a difference between east and west at this time?"

Liu Bei was dumbfounded:

"Why are you fighting for this false reputation? If you wait for Yi De to be the vanguard to conquer Yuzhou and connect the north and the south, there will be no difference."

Speaking of this thing that he had promised, Zhang Fei became happy again.

…

Li Shimin put down his pen and stroked his head and said helplessly:

"This Yi De is as good at speaking as Xuan Cheng."

Wei Zheng, who was lying on the gun, immediately protested:

"I am not a person who makes insinuations. All my words and mistakes are made directly."

The corner of Li Shimin's mouth twitched, and he didn't know which of the two methods should be evaluated for a moment.

Shaking his head to put the matter aside for now, Li Shimin was naturally more interested in "bringing light" and couldn't help but ask:

"Donglin Academy was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty. Since all the people were idlers, why did they form a party?"

Fang Xuanling had been in and out of the Imperial College a lot recently, so he handed over his hands and said in an orderly manner:

"The Eight Gentlemen of Donglin may have good intentions at first, but their attitude of lecturing and preaching is almost similar to that of the famous scholars of the Later Han Dynasty."

This made Li Shimin suddenly wake up. What later generations said about the order of fame, wealth, and power when they evaluated the celebrities of the Later Han Dynasty also emerged from his mind, and he immediately remembered another difference in the Ming Dynasty:

"And this is obvious, the cheaper the paper price is..."

Regardless of what the younger generation had said before about the ratio of civilians to official positions, the Ming Dynasty's creation of many ways, or the excitement of novels, Li Shimin secretly guessed:

Perhaps the intellectual masters of the Ming Dynasty had far greater prestige among the people than those of the later Han Dynasty.

I just don’t know what the Ming Dynasty will look like? Li Shimin became vaguely curious.

[The economic differences brought about by the differences between the north and the south lead to inequality in educational resources, which is an objective reality.

But at the same time, our teacher also said in school that realizing fairness and justice is destined to be a long process, and it is also one of the goals of modern society.

One of the means to achieve fairness and justice is naturally the compulsory education system that now benefits all of us.

As mentioned before, the official school during the Huizong period of the Song Dynasty was at the peak of the feudal era in terms of scale. It had a bit of a sense of obligation, but after all it was not.

Even the most complete official education in the Northern Song Dynasty only provided subsidies to students, rather than free compulsory education like we do today.

In addition, the compulsory and basic nature of compulsory education today is far from what it was in the feudal era.

For thousands of years in this land, legislation has required all people of school age to attend school and receive education.

The current compulsory education is certainly not perfect, but the starting line it draws is definitely the fairest in the past five thousand years.

With this long talk, our current issue has officially come to an end.

So in the next issue, we will still follow the perspective of the UP owner, and let’s review some truly romantic figures from the two Song Dynasties.

《Two Song Dynasties: Mountains and rivers as paper, iron spine as pen, years as ink, write lifelong indignation》

Thank you for watching and supporting.

Then, see you next time at the same time~]

Zhao Kuangyin was amazed, but he knew that business was more important.

He wanted to turn around and ask Zhao Pu to take it, but he saw the prime minister looking up, his eyes flashing with undisguised desire and excitement.

Zhao Kuangyin knew that this was because of the compulsory education in later generations.

In fact, when talking about Huizong's Chongning Xingxue, Zhao Kuangyin also guessed what compulsory education was in his heart.

But what he didn't expect was that later generations would require children to read by law.

Such a scene, I'm afraid those ancient sages would find it hard to imagine that China would have such a day?

But his instinct of being immersed in the battlefield also reminded him that with the current situation of the Song Dynasty, such a saintly policy would be enough to just look at.

Song Huizong's education policy was just the tip of the iceberg. It needed three more attempts to promote education step by step, and it also required excessive money from the people, and it still failed in the end.

If the early Song Dynasty wanted to do the same thing, it would be like learning to walk in Handan and imitating Dong Shi.

So Zhao Kuangyin simply stood up quietly without disturbing Zhao Pu, and walked lightly to the side of the hall.

The eunuch with a keen eye hurriedly added a few more strokes, and then respectfully presented the painting.

Zhao Kuangyin admired it himself, then nodded and returned to the stone table to present it as before.

But he didn't expect that after leaving for a while, many words had already appeared on the light curtain, and Zhao Pu also stood in front of the stone table and imitated him to write on it with his finger as a pen.

〖Zhuge Liang: Such a sage king's policy is magnificent and great!

Li Shimin: I see the same as Wu Hou!

Zhang Fei: I see the same.

Zhao Pu: If I can achieve one or two goals with my life's efforts, I will die at night.

Changsun Wuji: Isn't it just a dream of the younger generation? If one person dies, one or two can be achieved. Why should I complain about dying?

Fa Zheng: If you want to accomplish your goal, you should spare no effort, money, or life, and you must think about harming yourself.

Zhao Pu: I thought that Changsun Gong must have a brilliant idea, like Wang Mang and Sima Yi, but he turned out to be a person who took things out of context. At this time, my government army will cross the river to pacify the south of the Yangtze River. Isn't this an opportunity to govern education and politics?

Changsun Wuji: Are you scolding the Emperor Taizu?

Zhao Pu: The words of Wang Mang and Sima Yi are not mine, but the comments of Xu Jingzong. 〗

Zhao Kuangyin wiped his sweat and pulled Zhao Pu, who was getting braver and braver, away from the stone table.

He knew the character of this old minister very well. He really wanted the world to be in chaos.

After saying a few words to comfort him, Zhao Kuangyin placed the painting on the stone table, silently chanted in his heart, and then saw it suddenly disappear, and then he felt relieved.

Seeing that the people of the Tang Dynasty on the screen were silent for a while, Zhao Kuangyin thought about it and wrote on his own initiative:

〖Zhao Kuangyin: I want to march north, does Wu Hou have any method to teach me how to lead troops?

Li Shimin: How can Wu Hou's method be taught lightly? I destroyed Tuyuhun a month ago, and I taught you the sharp weapons of the generals and assistants, which are enough to defeat the Khitan.

Li Shimin: Do you know the Shenwei Cannon of the prosperous Tang Dynasty? 〗