One Thousand Five Hundred and Fifteen, the Gap Is Relatively Large

When it comes to the petrochemical industry, there are many things in it.

But if it is divided, it can probably be divided into front and back ends.

The front end is mining and refining, and the back end is petrochemical.

In this regard, we have the gap between the United States and Japan and Germany, which can be said to be all-round.

Let’s talk about the front-end gap first. In fact, this is also related to our initial oil quality.

The earliest oilfield discovered in our country is Daqing Oilfield. The quality of crude oil produced by Daqing Oilfield can be said to be very good.

Otherwise, how do you think Baosteel in the magic capital was built back then?

That is, we use Daqing's high-quality crude oil and exchange it with the Japanese.

It is precisely because the crude oil in Daqing is of good quality that the impurities and sulfur content are not very high, so our initial refinery used the catalytic cracking method, which is relatively technically difficult.

At that time, the United States had a history of playing with oil for almost a hundred years.

The United States initially exploited oil fields within its territory, and later went to Mexico and Latin America to exploit oil.

Later, it began to import oil from the Middle East.

But to be honest, apart from some of the oil produced by the United States and the oil imported from Saudi Arabia, the quality of other oil is not too high.

The sulfur content and impurity content are very high, so this requires oil refining and chemical companies in the United States to strengthen and increase research on oil refining technology from the very beginning.

Therefore, the petroleum refining and chemical industry in the United States has begun to follow the technical route of hydrotreating, deep desulfurization, and refined hydrotreating since a long time ago.

So in this regard, we are far behind the United States.

Later, the crude oil in our Daqing Oilfield was almost exhausted, and we had to import a large amount of oil from abroad.

The primary problem faced at this time is the sharp decline in oil quality.

Then we have to change the way of petroleum refining, from the original catalytic refining to hydrogen refining.

However, there are more technologies involved here.

Let's talk about the refining process first, we have to use catalysts, and in this aspect, we are not too good.

Catalysts and stabilizers for many reactions need to be imported in large quantities for a long time.

There is also equipment. When refining petroleum, many crude oils belong to the state of heavy oil or even sludge.

To separate the liquefied petroleum, first you have to have a UOP, which is a separator.

And this technology is in the hands of giants such as the French Petroleum Institute, Shell and Honeywell.

This thing, we also built a cyclone separator later, but in fact... not much to say... we all know.

If you look at foreign oil giants, their annual R&D expenses are no less than 5%, while our petrochemical companies' annual R&D expenses are less than 1%, so you can understand...

Moreover, petroleum refining is also a high energy consumption and high pollution industry.

However, the refining and chemical companies in the United States can make the best use of waste.

For example, the gas produced in the refining process,

People can directly burn and generate electricity, which can be supplied to enterprises for use.

There are even boilers that specialize in burning petroleum coke, which burns the refined petroleum coke to generate electricity, greatly improving resource utilization.

On our side, the traditional practice in the past is to directly burn the exhaust gas and petroleum coke, and discharge the burning exhaust gas into the atmosphere.

It wastes resources and pollutes the environment.

This situation has not been much better until recent years, when the above strict environmental protection measures are taken.

Many refining and chemical companies have also installed such recycling devices.

But to tell the truth, that is, when it is checked, it is turned on and used, and when there is no check, it is simply turned off and shut down.

why?

Because the overall cost is calculated, it is still not worth it!

Americans can burn gas and petroleum coke to generate electricity. These electricity can be used by themselves, and those that cannot be used can be sold on the grid.

But what about us? You want to connect the electricity that the enterprise can't use to the grid, huh, then you first ask the grid if you agree.

And if your company generates its own electricity, instead of using electricity from the grid, whose money do you let them make?

Now you still want to connect to the grid and grab business from the power plant, don't you...

It's over, everyone knows...

Therefore, when everyone sees that the smog is getting worse and worse, experts have been emphasizing that it is caused by ordinary people burning fire for heating and cooking, as well as automobile exhaust emissions, and they all understand.

Closer to home, in fact, we have also been researching the technology of hydrogen refining.

Because since 2000, we started to import oil from overseas in large quantities.

We found that the price of crude oil in the international market is going up like a rocket.

At its peak, before the subprime mortgage crisis broke out in 2007, the price of crude oil at that time, the price of a barrel of high-quality North Sea Brent, could reach $150.

Middle-quality Middle Eastern crude oil costs around 140.

And we can only afford Persian oil with the highest sulfur content and the worst quality, and heavy oil from Venezuela. At that time, even oil of such poor quality cost more than $120.

And this requires improving our refining technology, stabilizers, and catalysts. We have no good solution.

Because in the fields of materials and chemistry, we are so far behind.

But in terms of refining tools, we can still catch up.

Then we came up with a hydrogenation reactor. As soon as this thing came out, it shocked the outside world, because this thing was too big.

The height is 72 meters, the diameter is 5 meters, the wall thickness of the barrel is 30 cm, and the total weight is 2400 tons.

This thing, standing there, is like a giant rocket.

And after starting up, the energy that this thing needs to consume will go to the sea...

In fact, there is no way, who let us pass the level in the field of finishing.

Other oil refining and chemical companies in the United States also have such hydrogenation reactors, but they are shorter and thicker, and the thickness of the outer wall is not as exaggerated as ours.

Because people in the fields of materials science and machining are technically ahead of us, it is not a single star.

Previously, Xiao Feng provided Qin Xiaotian with new catalysts and stabilizers.

When they hydrorefine Venezuela's heavy oil, the efficiency is greatly improved and the cost is reduced.

But that's only the technology for Venezuela's heavy oil.

To know that the chemical industry has developed to this day, the industry has already been subdivided to the extreme.

The oil we import from Persia is of a completely different quality from Venezuela's heavy oil.

Venezuela's heavy oil can be said to be almost asphalt-like and very viscous.

Persian crude oil, on the other hand, is of relatively better quality and less viscous.

However, the sulfur content is very high, and a desulfurization and hydrogenation reaction process is also required.

This time, many vests of three barrels of oil have been put on in the petrochemical industrial zone in Bencheng, and many new refineries have been built.

But this time, they didn't plan to go the same way, because Bencheng is very strict with environmental protection, and they all require them to install exhaust gas desulfurization and denitrification equipment.

Moreover, it is necessary to ensure that these devices are turned on for a long time when the equipment is running, and it cannot be just installed as a facade device to cope with inspections.

This makes these enterprises very embarrassed. You must know that once the petrochemical equipment is activated, it will basically work 7x24 hours a day.

Various reactors can never be stopped, as long as you keep producing.

Then sulfur-containing waste gas will be continuously produced.

This waste gas was formerly known as coal gas, and its main contents were carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, halogens, and nitrides.

In the past, factories would also find ways to liquefy these gases and sell some of them.

The gas bottles used by ordinary people in the past were mainly for this stuff.

However, with the popularity of natural gas now, there will be a lot of pollution emissions after burning this thing, so many places have banned the sale of this gas.

And many chemical plants can't do anything about this kind of gas, so the way to deal with it is to burn it directly.

So if you have a chemical factory near your home, you can go around the factory at midnight.

You will find that those factories basically have a towering chimney that is full of fire...

In addition, as long as the factory does not stop, it will eventually produce petroleum coke. To put it bluntly, it is the residue that cannot be handled in the final stage of petroleum refining.

This kind of thing is also very polluting. The general treatment method of domestic factories is to secretly find a place to dig a hole and bury it.

The consequence of doing so is to pollute the water source.

There are also those who go to the desert, who is it...cough...cough...

The international treatment method for this waste gas waste is to build a recovery device and then burn it with a special boiler.

When it is burned, it can also generate electricity and supply it to the factory. Because of the large output, this kind of hair can also greatly reduce the cost of factory operation.

But there is a problem here, that is, your factory is not running 24/7, but it is not running at full capacity 24/7.

But every three to five, some equipment must be stopped, or the operation efficiency will be reduced, and maintenance will be carried out.

Otherwise, if your factory keeps running at full capacity, it will probably blow up soon.

At this time, how to deal with the excess electricity generated by your power plant is very troublesome.

Abroad, it can be negotiated with the grid and sold.

But in China, the main income of the power grid is the factory's money. You generate electricity yourself, you won't let me make money, and then you will rob me of my business. Your special mother's...

This is one reason why our domestic factories are reluctant to install this equipment.

Another reason is that it is expensive!

Gas-fired and residue-fired boilers are especially expensive, and they all have to be imported from the U.S.…

In the past, domestic petrochemical plants have also made calculations. If we operate according to American standards, our cost will be at least 50% higher than before.

Why is it so tall?

The gap between two aspects, one is management, the other is technology...

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