Chapter 2958 [2958] Error
Undoubtedly, the surgical incision is more precise, and the non-surgical conventional incision is used. It can be adjusted according to the specific lesions of the patient, and accurate positioning can be achieved from person to person.
The whole operation process sounds wonderful, showing the miraculousness of modern medicine.
The family members were delighted. Only doctors themselves know in their hearts that in order to achieve truly precise surgery, it is impossible to achieve perfection with existing medical technology. Some technical difficulties have not been completely overcome, and obstacles always exist.
If the three-dimensional navigation is really 100% accurate, even the nerve masters such as Cao Yong will not be envious of the three-dimensional computing brain of the junior sister.
Specifically, the biggest problem with three-dimensional navigation is that it is not a real-time image, which is far worse than the almost real-time angiographic image of the interventional surgery introduced earlier.
If you want to do real-time images, the operating room first needs to have powerful hardware, such as the high-end hybrid operating room to be built in the new building of the National Association for Surgery. The operating room must be equipped with CT, and CT real-time images can be performed on patients at any time. Furthermore, a ct is much more expensive than an angiography. During the operation, it is impossible to do CT frequently for review like angiography. A ct scan of so many images needs to be synthesized and read, which also consumes surgical time.
Without hardware support, all the hospital can do is to work harder before the operation.
The doctor preliminarily draws up the surgical approach based on his own medical experience, sticks positioning markers on the surface of the patient's scalp, and then asks the patient to undergo a second CT scan of the head.
Take out the secondary CT scan image and then input it into the 3D navigation system. At this time, scalp markers will appear in the 3D graphics. Doctors use markers to make the real patient's head coincide with the three-dimensional image head, forming a more accurate comparison operation reference map in the doctor's impression.
In order to pursue more precision, the doctor will put the head on the patient again in the adult operation. There are various measuring scales on the head frame, which can measure the shape parameters of the patient's head. This operation method belongs to framed 3D calibration. Compared with the frameless 3D calibration mentioned above, it is a relatively primitive method of scalp incision positioning in neurosurgery.
Speaking of the current patients are children, children are not allowed to use headgear. The head brace is too heavy, and the skull of a child is weaker than that of an adult. The head brace is afraid of accidents, and doctors should avoid it if they can.
Even if the previous preparations are complete, I'm sorry, there may continue to be problems with the positioning during the operation. This is an error that often occurs when using a three-dimensional navigation system in minimally invasive neurosurgery. The academic name is image drift. Statistics show that the occurrence rate of this error can reach more than 60%.
The reason is that there is cerebrospinal fluid flowing in the brain. As long as the patient moves his head, the cerebrospinal fluid will flow and change the brain tissue. During the operation, the patient's head was fixed, and the patient's head did not move. However, the doctor wanted to find something in the tofu-like brain, and had to remove the lower brain tissue, so that the position and shape of the brain tissue changed again. Whoever makes the brain tissue soft is easy to be passive.
Therefore, to achieve real-time accuracy in neurosurgery, unless there is real-time imaging picture recording software to adjust the three-dimensional image. The above mentioned a lot of reasons why real-time imaging can not be recorded, so it is impossible to adjust the 3D image in real time during the operation.
The only breakthrough is artificial intelligence, which relies on the computer to calculate and deduce the image of the brain tissue in real time.